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The relationship between facial morphology and physical strength: Testing of the Other-Race effect hypothesis
Klusáčková, Tereza ; Třebický, Vít (advisor) ; Pokorný, Šimon (referee)
Existing evidence shows people are able to attribute an individual's behavioural characteristics based on their facial features with a certain level of accuracy; one such characteristic is the perception of physical strength in potential opponents within the male intersexual competition. Physical strength seems be assessed upon the level of masculine facial features development. However, attributions may be influenced by other factors - namely personality traits of the evaluator or the so-called Other-race effect. In this study portrait photographs of men from Europe and Africa were rated by a group of European evaluators on a perceived physical strength. The aim of this study was to assess the link between attributed physical strength, actual physical strength (grip strength) and facial morphology described by relative facial width (fWHR) the Index of Masculinity (potential effects of age, body weight and height on said variables were controlled for). The use of stimuli of different ethnic origin enabled us to test the accuracy of physical strength attributions and actual physical strength in context to the Other-race effect hypothesis. According to its wording people tend to attribute characteristics with higher accuracy to individuals, who belong to the same population, or with whom they are...
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The relationship between facial morphology and physical strength: Testing of the Other-Race effect hypothesis
Klusáčková, Tereza ; Třebický, Vít (advisor) ; Pokorný, Šimon (referee)
Existing evidence shows people are able to attribute an individual's behavioural characteristics based on their facial features with a certain level of accuracy; one such characteristic is the perception of physical strength in potential opponents within the male intersexual competition. Physical strength seems be assessed upon the level of masculine facial features development. However, attributions may be influenced by other factors - namely personality traits of the evaluator or the so-called Other-race effect. In this study portrait photographs of men from Europe and Africa were rated by a group of European evaluators on a perceived physical strength. The aim of this study was to assess the link between attributed physical strength, actual physical strength (grip strength) and facial morphology described by relative facial width (fWHR) the Index of Masculinity (potential effects of age, body weight and height on said variables were controlled for). The use of stimuli of different ethnic origin enabled us to test the accuracy of physical strength attributions and actual physical strength in context to the Other-race effect hypothesis. According to its wording people tend to attribute characteristics with higher accuracy to individuals, who belong to the same population, or with whom they are...
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The level of selected indicators of body composition and handgrip strength in sporting youth in the Czech Republic
Bednaříková, Anna ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Chrudimský, Jan (referee)
Title: The level of selected indicators of body composition and handgrip strength in sporting youth in the Czech Republic Objectives: The main aim of the bachelor thesis was to find out differences in selected indicators of body composition and handgrip strength of sports youth in four selected regions of the Czech Republic. Methods: 1188 children participated in a cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited from the sports festival for children Sporťáček in these selected regions: Prague, South Moravian Region, West Bohemian Region, and South Bohemian Region. Results: The average age of the study population was 8.8 (2.7) years. There were 51% of girls in this survey. The largest representation was in the South Moravian Region (38.8%), Prague was the second largest region represented by 37.5%. Conclusions: Selected indicators of body composition as well as handgrip strength differed statistically significantly only slightly across the selected regions. Key words: body composition, handgrip strength, skeletal muscle mass
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The influence of posture on grip strength in patients with spinal cord injury
Krátká, Monika ; Hlinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kříž, Jiří (referee)
This master's thesis deal with the ability to maintain trunk stability in paraplegic patients in the relation to the functional skills of upper extremity. Its aim is to determine the extent to which posture influences grip strength in these persons. It consists of two parts. The first part includes introduction of the spinal cord injury and findings of the mechanisms and functional significance of the torso in relation to posture and everyday activities. Further, it presents the possibilities of utilization and different ways of measurement of grip strength in clinical practice. In the second part, the results of the measurement of grip strength in paraplegic persons in three different positions - lying on the back and in two different sitting positions - are analyzed. The measurements were undertaken using a dynamometer. It was measured twice, always after one week period. All patients attend the standard therapy provided by the Spinal Unit in the University Hospital in Motol, where they have been also hospitalized in that time. The results refer to certain dependency of gripstrength of upper extremity to posture in paraplegic persons. This was proved within the comparison of values from sitting position with back support and without back support. In the first named position were reached higher...
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Reference value for handgrip strength and skeletal muscle mass for children aged 4 to 12 years in the Czech republic.
Vrba, Jakub ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Kinkorová, Ivana (referee)
Title: Reference value for handgrip strength and skeletal muscle mass for children aged 4 to 12 years in the Czech republic. Objectives: The main aim of this study was to create reference values for handgrip strength dependent on body mass index (BMI) and for skeletal muscle index (SMI) among children in the Czech republic. Methods: 442 children participated in this study realized in five different places of the Czech republic. There were used bioelectrical impedance analysis to body composition and isometric handgrip dynamometer to handgrip strength measurements. Results: Reference values of handgrip strength dependent on body mass index (BMI) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) were calculated. Percentile nomograms for both genders separately are provided according to age from 4 to 12. Conclusion: Handgrip strength dependent on BMI as well as SMI increased with age in both genders. Boys showed higher level in both variables, nevertheless, the only in SMI there was a statistically significant difference. Keywords: Handgrip strength, skeletal muscle mass, BMI, SMI
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